Early surgery and initial conservative therapy did not differ for outcomes in lobar intracerebral hematomas.

Patients: 601 patients (mean age 64 y, 57% men) who were conscious, had a computed tomography–confirmed spontaneous lobar ICH (volume 10 to 100 mL) ≤ 1 cm from the cortical surface of the brain, and presented ≤ 48 hours after ictus. Exclusion criteria included hemorrhage that was intraventricular, due to arteriovenous malformation confirmed by angiography or an aneurysm, secondary to tumor or trauma, or involved prespecified brain regions (basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, or brainstem).